Smith, D.K., Johnson, G.G., Jr., Scheible, W., Wims, A.M., Johnson J.L. The Clay Minerals Society, Bloomington, Indiana. 4–36 in: Quantitative Mineral Analysis of Clays (D.R. (1989) Principles and techniques of quantitative analysis of clay minerals by X-ray powder diffraction. (1986) The amorphous character and particle size distribution of powders produced with the micronizing mill for quantitative X-ray powder diffractometry. (1967) Orienting internal standard method for clay mineral X-ray analysis. (1997) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. (1991) Suggestions for authors whose manuscripts include quantitative clay mineral analysis by X-ray diffraction. (2000) The mineralogy of mudstones: clay mineral heterogeneity. McCarty, D.K., Hsieh, J.C.C., Drits, V.A. (1992) Intensity calibration curves for Bragg-Brentano X-ray diffractometers. (1997) Frio shale mineralogy and the stoichiometry of the smectite-to-illite reaction: the most important reaction in clastic sedimentary diagenesis. (2000) Illite-smectite structural changes during metamorphism in black Cambrian Alum shales from the Baltic area. Lindgreen, H., Drits, V.A., Sakharov, B.A., Salyn, A.L., Wrang, P. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. 47–71 in: Modern Powder Diffraction (D.J. (1988) RIR-measurement and use in quantitative XRD. (1999) Use of an air-brush to spray dry samples for X-ray powder diffraction. Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, Texas, 184 pp. (1997) Sequential structure transformation of illite-smectite-vermiculite during diagenesis of Upper Jurassic shales from the North Sea and Denmark. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 7, 519–525.ĭrits, V.A., Sakharov, B.A., Lindgreen, H. Matrix flushing method for quantitative multicomponent analysis. (1974) Quantitative interpretation of X-ray diffraction patterns of mixtures. Monograph 5, Mineralogical Society, London.Ĭhung, F.H. 411–438 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification (G.W. (1980) Quantitative analysis of clay mixtures. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.īrindley, G.W. 73–100 in: Modern Powder Diffraction (D.J. (1989) Sample preparation for X-ray diffraction. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 21, 86–91.īish, D.L. (1988) Quantitative phase analysis using the Rietveld method. (1998) Rapid, accurate phase quantification of clay-bearing samples using a position-sensitive X-ray detector. Analytical Chemistry, 20, 886–889.īatchelder, M. (1948) Basic aspects of X-ray absorption in quantitative analysis of powder mixtures. Our approach compares favorably with other quantitative analysis techniques, including a Rietveld-based technique.Īlexander, L. No normalization is applied and thus, for natural rocks, the analysis is tested by the departure of the sum of the measured components from 100%. % deviation from actual values for individual minerals, as tested on artificial shale mixtures. The grinding technique used produces powders free of grains coarser than 20 µm and suitable for obtaining random and rigid specimens.Įrrors in accuracy are low, <2 wt. Zincite is used as the internal standard instead of corundum, because its reflections are more conveniently located and stronger, allowing for a smaller amount of spike (10%). Clays are quantified from their 060 reflections which are well resolved and insensitive to structural defects. A single XRD pattern from an air-dried random specimen is used. An internal standard X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis technique permits reproducible and accurate calculation of the mineral contents of rocks, including the major clay mineral families: Fe-rich chlorites + berthierine, Mg-rich chlorites, Fe-rich dioctahedral 2:1 clays and micas, Al-rich dioctahedral 2:1 clays and micas, and kaolinites.
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